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440 Hz is the frequency of the A note that is 1½ steps below middle C, the top line of the bass clef. 880 Hz is the frequency of the A note one octave higher, the second space from the bottom of the treble clef. On a piano, if you slam hard on the lower of those two A keys and just lightly press the higher one, the 440-Hz sound will be louder than the 880-Hz sound.

The loudness, or amplitude, of a sound wave has to do with how tightly the air molecules (or the molecules of whatever the sound-propagating medium is) are packed in each wave of the sound, while the sound's frequency or pitch has to do with how frequently the waves are generated (440 times per second in the case of a 440-Hz sound), or how far apart the waves are (frequency is inversely proportional to wavelength).

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