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One dimmer star can be closer than a brighter star that is far away. Light flux decreases as the square of the distance. A star that is three times as far away will have to shine nine times brighter than the closer star (absolute magnitude) to appear to have the same magnitude (apparent magnitude).

Because apparent magnitude is the brightness of a star, as seen from Earth, whereas absolute magnitude is the brightness of a star as seen from the same distance - about 32.6 light years away.

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