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== == They are all physical properties - they are measures of physical changes.

The key property of a physical change is that no intramolecular bonds are made or broken. Intra- meaning within, refers to intramolecular forces that hold a molecule to itself. So for example, a single molecule of the salt, sodium chloride (NaCl) is held together by intramolecular bonds. A grain of salt, for example, is comprised of many molecules of NaCl. When you boil, melt or freeze many molecules of NaCl, you are only changing how each molecule interacts with one another; you are not changing the molecular composition. These interactions depend on intermolecular bonds/forces.

Physical change affects only the intermolecular forces, also called Van Der Waals forces, between atoms and molecules (inter- meaning between).

"Intermolecular Forces are electrostatic forces of attraction that exist between an area of negative charge on one molecule and an area of positive charge on a second molecule." From strongest to weakest, these are: hydrogen bonding > dipole interactions> London Dispersion Forces.

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