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Isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structures. In general, a molecule will not spontaneously convert from one isomer to another.

Tautomers are a specific type of isomers. Two molecules are tautomers if they differ in the placement of a proton (H+) and a double bond, and readily convert between the two, creating an equilibrium.

For example, one common type of tautomerism is between an enol and a ketone (or aldehyde). In this case, the keto form contains a carbon double-bonded to an oxygen adjacent to a carbon with at least one hydrogen. This is in equilibrium with the enol, which is formed by moving a hydrogen from the second carbon to the oxygen (forming -OH) and the double bond to the oxygen is broken and reformed between the two carbons.

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