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The four main components of air in their molecular form are nitrogen (N₂), which makes up about 78% of the atmosphere; oxygen (O₂), accounting for approximately 21%; argon (Ar), comprising around 0.93%; and carbon dioxide (CO₂), which is present in trace amounts, roughly 0.04%. Other trace gases, including neon, helium, and methane, are also part of the atmosphere but in much smaller quantities.

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