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the halogens are electron withdrawing groups. e.g. F, Cl, etc

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Is alkyle group is electron withdrawing?

Alkyl groups are generally electron donating due to their inductive effect, where they push electron density towards the rest of the molecule. This is because alkyl groups are less electronegative than carbon and hydrogen, leading to a slight positive charge that can stabilize adjacent negative charges.


Why is triphenylamine a much weaker base than triethylamine?

Acetamide is a much weaker base compared to methylamine. This is due to the electron withdrawing effect of the CO group, which makes the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom less available for protonation.


Why monobromination of acetanilide occurs while tribromination o aniline would occur under the same conditions?

Monobromination of acetanilide occurs because the acetyl group (–C(=O)CH3) is an electron-withdrawing group that decreases the nucleophilicity of the aniline nitrogen, leading to selective bromination at the para position of the aromatic ring. In contrast, aniline has an amino group (–NH2), which is an electron-donating group that significantly increases the electron density on the aromatic ring, making it more reactive towards multiple bromination. Under the same conditions, the increased reactivity of aniline allows for tribromination to occur, as the ring can readily accommodate multiple bromine substitutions.


What The three-dimensional arrangement of electron groups around the central atom is called what?

three dimensional arrangement of atoms electron-group geometry


What group of elements react by losing one electron?

The alkali metals in group 1 react by losing one electron.