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Which molecules are passively absorbed into the blood?
Small, non-polar molecules like oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water can passively diffuse through cell membranes and be absorbed into the blood. Lipid-soluble molecules and small uncharged molecules can also passively cross cell membranes to enter the bloodstream.
Difference between lipid soluble and water soluble?
The use of a second messenger
What is the term for hormones that are lipid-soluble and can pass through cell membranes?
The term for hormones that are lipid-soluble and can pass through cell membranes is steroid hormones. This group of hormones includes hormones like estrogen, testosterone, and cortisol, which are derived from cholesterol and can bind to intracellular receptors to exert their effects.
Why is ethanol soluble in blood?
Ethanol is soluble in blood because it is a small molecule that can easily pass through cell membranes and dissolve in the water-based environment of the blood. This allows ethanol to be distributed throughout the body and reach various tissues and organs.
Why are so many anesthesias fat solvents?
Many anesthetics are fat-soluble because they need to cross cell membranes, which are primarily composed of lipid layers. Fat-soluble anesthetics can easily diffuse through these membranes and reach their target sites in the central nervous system to exert their effects. Additionally, their solubility in lipids allows for better storage and longer duration of action in the body.
Which molecules are passively absorbed into the blood?
Small, non-polar molecules like oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water can passively diffuse through cell membranes and be absorbed into the blood. Lipid-soluble molecules and small uncharged molecules can also passively cross cell membranes to enter the bloodstream.
Why is carbon dioxide more soluble in sodium hydroxide than water?
Carbon dioxide is more soluble in sodium hydroxide than water because sodium hydroxide is a stronger base and can react with carbon dioxide to form a soluble compound (sodium bicarbonate). In contrast, water can only dissolve carbon dioxide through weak physical interactions like hydrogen bonding, which results in lower solubility.
Can steroids pass through cell membranes?
Yes, steroids can pass through cell membranes because they are lipophilic (fat-soluble) molecules. Their lipid nature allows them to diffuse easily through the lipid bilayer of cell membranes. Once inside the cell, steroids typically bind to specific intracellular receptors, which then influence gene expression and various cellular processes.
Difference between lipid soluble and water soluble?
The use of a second messenger
Why can molecules that are fat soluble permeate across a cell membrane?
because the external surface of the cell is is hydrophobic (water hating) many fat soluble products such as carbon dioxide are able to pass through.
What type of hormones are not soluble in blood?
Hormones that are not soluble in blood are typically steroid hormones and thyroid hormones. These hormones are lipophilic, meaning they are fat-soluble and require transport proteins to travel through the bloodstream. Examples include cortisol, estrogen, and thyroid hormones like thyroxine (T4). Because they are not water-soluble, they can easily pass through cell membranes to exert their effects on target cells.
What is the term for hormones that are lipid-soluble and can pass through cell membranes?
The term for hormones that are lipid-soluble and can pass through cell membranes is steroid hormones. This group of hormones includes hormones like estrogen, testosterone, and cortisol, which are derived from cholesterol and can bind to intracellular receptors to exert their effects.
Why is ethanol soluble in blood?
Ethanol is soluble in blood because it is a small molecule that can easily pass through cell membranes and dissolve in the water-based environment of the blood. This allows ethanol to be distributed throughout the body and reach various tissues and organs.
What characteristic of cell membranes may explain why fat-soluble substances such as chloroform and other rapidly affect cells?
The lipid bilayer structure of cell membranes allows fat-soluble substances like chloroform to easily pass through them. This is because these substances can dissolve in the hydrophobic interior of the lipid bilayer, making it easier for them to enter the cells quickly and affect them rapidly.
How do water soluble molecules diffuse through biological membranes?
Water soluble molecules diffuse through biological membranes via facilitated diffusion, which involves the use of specific transport proteins embedded in the membrane. These proteins create channels or carriers that allow the molecules to pass through the hydrophobic interior of the membrane. This process is passive and does not require energy input from the cell.
Why are so many anesthesias fat solvents?
Many anesthetics are fat-soluble because they need to cross cell membranes, which are primarily composed of lipid layers. Fat-soluble anesthetics can easily diffuse through these membranes and reach their target sites in the central nervous system to exert their effects. Additionally, their solubility in lipids allows for better storage and longer duration of action in the body.
What characteristics of cell membranes may explain why fat soluble substances such as chloroform and ether rapidly affect cells?
Cell membranes are composed of a lipid bilayer, which is impermeable to water-soluble substances but allows fat-soluble substances to easily pass through. Fat-soluble substances like chloroform and ether can dissolve in the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane and penetrate cells rapidly, leading to their rapid effects on cells.
