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Proteins are macromolecules that are made and used by all living things, relatively big molecules (polymers) that consist of smaller building blocks (monomers) called amino acids. Each amino acid is a chemical composed of carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen and some of them have other elements like sulfur.

These amino acids bond to each other by a bond called the peptide bond. After the linear protein molecule forms it folds into a 3D structure producing the active protein. In some cases several folded protein molecules stick together (and sometimes with other nonprotein molecules, e.g. heme units in the case of hemoglobin to carry oxygen in the blood) forming a complex that can do more than the individual proteins can do alone.

Proteins of differing types perform most active functional and structural roles in both living cells and in viruses.

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