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The chemiosmosis theory postulates that living cells produce ATP from a proton gradient across a membrane by an enzyme called ATP synthase. Animals generate this proton gradient with the mitochondrial electron transport chain. When reductants (NADH, FADH2) give up their electrons to the electron transport chain, the electrons move to increasingly stronger oxidizing agents, using the released energy to pump protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane. Plants, however, generate the proton gradient directly with the photosystems and the photosynthetic electron transport chain. When the photosystem becomes excited, water is split into protons, oxygen and electrons. The electrons are then passed into the photosynthetic electron transport chain, which is analogous to the mitochondrial electron transport chain in that it also uses the energy of the oxidation reactions to pump protons across the thylakoid membrane. The end result is the same, however, because the proton gradient generates proton motive force, which is then used to synthesize ATP with ATP synthase.

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Photophosphorylation is most similar to?

Photophosphorylation is most similar to oxidative phosphorylation in that it involves the production of ATP through a series of redox reactions that generate a proton gradient across a membrane. However, in photophosphorylation, the energy for driving the process is derived from light instead of the oxidation of organic molecules.


Compare and contrast photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation?

Oxidative phosphorylation is ATP synthesis driven by electron transfer to oxygen and photophosphorylation is ATP synthesis driven by light. Oxidative phosphorylation is the culmination of energy-yielding metabolism in aerobic organisms and photophosphorylation is the means by which photosynthetic organisms capture the energy of sunlight, the ultimate source of energy in the biosphere.


Photophosphorylation differs from oxidative phosphorylation in that?

Photophosphorylation occurs in chloroplasts during photosynthesis, where light energy is used to generate a proton gradient and drive ATP synthesis. In contrast, oxidative phosphorylation occurs in mitochondria, where electrons are transferred along the electron transport chain to generate a proton gradient and drive ATP synthesis using energy released from the oxidation of nutrients.


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Cycle photophosphorylation occurs in cyclic electron flow, where electrons are recycled to produce ATP but not NADPH. Noncyclic photophosphorylation involves both photosystems I and II to produce both ATP and NADPH using electrons extracted from water.


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