Habits
A simple automatic inborn response to a sensory stimulus is called a reflex. Reflexes are involuntary and often occur without conscious thought, serving as a protective mechanism for the body. They involve a direct pathway known as a reflex arc, which includes sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. Examples include the knee-jerk reaction or withdrawal from a painful stimulus.
A simple reflex action is an automatic, involuntary response to a stimulus that involves a direct pathway through the spinal cord, such as the knee-jerk reflex. In contrast, a conditioned reflex action is a learned response that occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus, as seen in Pavlov's experiments with dogs. While simple reflexes are innate and require no prior learning, conditioned reflexes depend on experience and can be modified over time.
A synapse in a simple reflex action is a junction between two neurons where signals are transmitted. In a reflex action, when a stimulus triggers a sensory neuron, it sends a signal across a synapse to a motor neuron, which then causes a rapid response from a muscle or gland.
A quick response to a stimulus that involves the brain is known as a voluntary reflex or a complex reflex. Unlike simple reflexes, which are mediated by the spinal cord and occur automatically, voluntary reflexes require processing in the brain and often involve conscious thought. An example includes withdrawing your hand from a hot surface; while the immediate withdrawal is a spinal reflex, the decision to react is processed by the brain.
A receptor (protein) on a neuron that receives stimulus (light, pressure, chemical...etc). The stimulus generates a receptor potential (local disturbance/slight depolarization in membrane potential).
reflex
reflex
The S-R paradigm is a psychological concept that describes the connection between a specific stimulus (S) and the response (R) that it evokes in an individual. It is often used to study the relationship between external stimuli and observable behaviors or reactions. This paradigm helps in understanding how individuals learn and respond to different stimuli in their environment.
A reflex action is a fast, automatic response to a stimulus by an effector organ i.e. a muscle.
A simple refelx refers to a reflex inborn, such as blinking or coughing. Meanwhile,a conditioned reflex is a reflex developed by an individual owing to learning/experience such as playing a musical instrument,where notes can be played without attention due to experience.
A simple unlearned response to a stimulus is known as a reflex. Reflexes are automatic, involuntary actions that occur in response to specific stimuli, such as pulling your hand away from a hot surface. They are typically mediated by the nervous system and do not require conscious thought or prior learning. An example is the knee-jerk reflex, where tapping the knee results in an immediate leg extension.
A simple automatic inborn response to a sensory stimulus is called a reflex. Reflexes are involuntary and often occur without conscious thought, serving as a protective mechanism for the body. They involve a direct pathway known as a reflex arc, which includes sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. Examples include the knee-jerk reaction or withdrawal from a painful stimulus.
A simple reflex action is an automatic, involuntary response to a stimulus that involves a direct pathway through the spinal cord, such as the knee-jerk reflex. In contrast, a conditioned reflex action is a learned response that occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus, as seen in Pavlov's experiments with dogs. While simple reflexes are innate and require no prior learning, conditioned reflexes depend on experience and can be modified over time.
A signal to which an organism responds is called a stimulus. It can be any environmental change or cue that triggers a response or behavior in an organism. This response can range from simple reactions like moving away from a harmful substance to complex behaviors like mating rituals in animals.
Pavlovian conditioning involves the association of a neutral stimulus with a significant stimulus to elicit a specific response. This form of learning can involve complex cognitive processes such as attention, memory, and perception. Additionally, factors like timing, context, and individual differences can influence the effectiveness of Pavlovian conditioning, making it a more nuanced form of learning than initially thought.
A simple reflex is an automatic response to a stimulus without involving conscious thought. An example is the knee jerk reflex when a doctor taps below the kneecap, causing the leg to kick involuntarily.
A rapid involuntary response to a stimulus is known as a reflex. Reflexes are automatic reactions that occur without conscious thought, typically involving a simple neural pathway called a reflex arc. For example, when touching a hot surface, the body immediately withdraws the hand to prevent injury, demonstrating this quick response mechanism. Reflexes are essential for survival as they help protect the body from harm.