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The size of body openings is primarily controlled by smooth muscles that contract and relax, such as the muscles surrounding blood vessels, airways, and digestive tract. Autonomic nervous system plays a key role in regulating these muscles, with sympathetic activation typically causing constriction and parasympathetic activation causing relaxation to control the diameter of body openings. Hormones and local factors can also influence muscle tone to help regulate the size of body openings as needed.

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