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First, find the atomic number which tells you the total number of electrons. Gallium has atomic number 31, so it has 31 electrons. Next, look to see what period and group it is in. It is in period 4 and group XIII. This means that there will be 3 valence electrons (outermost electrons) and they will be in the 4th energy level. Also note that gallium is a p-block element, so the valence electrons will be in the 4 p subshell. Now, on to writing the electron configuration, adding electrons in order until we get to 31 electrons.

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p1 and then placing the 3d10 before the 4s2 you get
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p1. Note there are 31 electrons and that the outermost are in the 4th energy level (period 4) and that there are 3 valence electrons in the 4th level (4s2 + 4P1) and the final shell being filled is the p subshell (as it is a p-block element). All checks out.

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