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primarily because high latitude areas have "thin air" that is low oxygen concentration. as a result of this little oxygen that the body receives in high latitude areas, rbcs are produced in much greater amount to compensate for the decreasing oxygen carrying capacity of the blood. but if you ask me, it really does not help because what's the use of producing many rbcs if the body receives little oxygen? --thoughtfulobserver The increase in a person's RBC count in high altitudes is to compensate for the lower oxygen level in the air being breathed in. By increasing the number of RBC's (and hemoglobin by default) you are increasing your body's ability to take in as much oxygen as possible at one time. This allows for greater oxygen consumption due to the increased RBC's in comparison to the oxygen consumption with the normal RBC count.

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