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mRNA: In eukaryotes DNA is transcribed and a chain of RNA nucleotides is produced by RNA polymerase, RNA polymerase moves along the DNA untwisting the double helix and adding nucleotides to a growing RNA molecule. When the RNA polymerase transcribes the terminator sequence transcription stops, the production being the pre-mRNA molecule. The pre-mRNA molecule then undergoes RNA splicing, where via a spliceosome the introns (non-coding segements) are removed and the exons (coding segments) are spliced together; when this is complete the product is a mRNA molecule. The mRNA molecule then exits the nuclear envelope and translation beings; where it attaches to one of the ribosomal (rRNA) subunits. The other subunit is the attachment site for the tRNA molecule, which carries amino acids. The codon (3 nucleotide sequence on the mRNA molecule) finds its complementary pair with the anti-codon, a part of the tRNA molecule. The tRNA molecule first attaches to the A site of the ribosome, moves to the P site, and exits at the E site. The amino acid chain is passed off from the P site to the A site tRNA molecule and so through this process the polypeptide chain is produced. After the polypeptide is produced it undergoes some alterations and additions (adding of sugars, folding, etc.) and is final a fully functioning protein.

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What type of nucleic acid carries the information needed to make proteins?

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The RNA, or mRNA. It carries the info to the cytoplasm and the ribosomes.


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