Albedo.
The albedo of the Earth is 0.367.
When Vangelis released his album, Albedo 0.39, that was what the albedo of Earth was in 1976.
A crater
Mercury.
no
A natural satellite that orbits a planet is a moon
venus
Pieces of rock that strike the surface of a moon or planet are called meteorites.
A crater
The outer surface of the moon is called the crust.
The fictional planet Tralfamadore is the moon of a large planet called Tran.
Mercury.
Ganymede is the largest moon of Jupiter and would appear the brightest from the planet due to its size and reflectivity. Ganymede's icy surface reflects a high amount of sunlight, making it one of the brightest objects in Jupiter's sky.
Mars
no
venus
The moon Io looks the brightest from the surface of Jupiter. That's because Io is the closest moon to the planet. Io is the moon on the left of the planet.
A spacecraft that stays in orbit around a planet or moon is called a planetary orbiter. They are designed to study the surface, atmosphere, and environment of the celestial body they are orbiting.
A small planet going round a big planet is called a moon. Like our moon, it is smaller than Earth - so all planets orbiting round a bigger planet is called a moon.