spinothalamic tract
The cerebral peduncles and the optic tract form the anterior portion of the midbrain.
in the medial 1/5 = medial corticobulbar + forntopontine fibresin the intermediate 3/5 = cortiocspinal fibresin the lateral 1/5 = temporo-pontine + lateral corticobulbar fibres
The tectospinal tract is involved in reflex movements of the head in response to visual and auditory stimuli. It originates in the superior colliculus of the midbrain and carries signals for reflexive head and neck movements in response to sensory input.
The descending pathway from the red nucleus to the lower motor neurons is known as the rubrospinal tract. This tract plays a role in the coordination of movement and the regulation of muscle tone, particularly in the upper limbs. It originates in the red nucleus of the midbrain and descends to influence motor neurons in the spinal cord, primarily facilitating flexor muscle activity.
The ventral spinothalamic tract carries "light touch" sensation. There are three neurons that carry the information to the brain. From the cutaneous nerve(s) in the skin to the dorsal root ganglia, then to the dorsal horn in spinal cord, crossing over to the other side and traveling up to the thalamus, and finally from the thalamus to post-central gyrus. Because the axons of the neuron cross over to the other side of the spinal cord almost immediately, a spinal cord lesion will produce loss of this sensation on the opposite side of the body below where the lesion occurs. According to one of my medical books, however, light touch can ALSO be carried via the medial lemniscus tract, which doesn't cross until it reaches the brain stem. That being true, light touch could be spared even if there is damage to the ventral spinothalamic tract. I hope that helps! Compliments of your friendly MSI :)
The cerebral peduncles and the optic tract form the anterior portion of the midbrain.
It arises from superior colliculus of midbrain.
the corticospinal tract and the pyramidal spinal tract are the same tract. yes this tract is the main voluntary motor tract, remember that this tract split in two after the decussation of pyramids (hence the term pyramidal tract) the fibres that do decussate create the lateral portion which innervates the limbs, shoulders and neck the fibers that dont decussate here continue ipsilaterally creating an anterior/ventral portion which innervate the truck, these eventually do decussate at their spinal exit level
the alimentary canal is ventral to the vertebral column.
the alimentary canal is ventral to the vertebral column.
larynx
In a grasshopper, the ventral nerve cord encircles the digestive tract at the anterior end, where it connects to the brain. This connection occurs in the head region, specifically around the esophagus, forming a structure known as the subesophageal ganglion. This arrangement allows for coordinated control of the nervous system and digestive functions.
The residual volume is the portion of air in the respiratory tract that cannot be exhaled.
The large intestine is responsible for absorption of water.
in the medial 1/5 = medial corticobulbar + forntopontine fibresin the intermediate 3/5 = cortiocspinal fibresin the lateral 1/5 = temporo-pontine + lateral corticobulbar fibres
The tectospinal tract is involved in reflex movements of the head in response to visual and auditory stimuli. It originates in the superior colliculus of the midbrain and carries signals for reflexive head and neck movements in response to sensory input.
Calcium is absorbed by the jejenum, the secondary portion of the small intestine.