To determine the mass of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) needed to react completely with hydrochloric acid (HCl), you can use stoichiometry. The balanced equation shows that 2 moles of HCl react with 1 mole of CaCO₃. Thus, for every 2 moles of HCl, you need 1 mole of CaCO₃. If you know the amount of HCl in moles, you can calculate the required moles of CaCO₃ and then convert that to mass using its molar mass (100.09 g/mol).
Boiling this is done to remove ALL carbon dioxide (as gas) from the solution, before titrating the HCl-excess 'back' with titrant sodium hydroxide. Otherwise CO2 is disturbing the reaction at the end point of this backtitration at pH = 7 to 8 indicated by phenolphtaleine)Na2CO3.xH2Oaq + 2HClaq --> 2NaClaq + H2Oliq + CO2(gas) + H+aq,(excess)(Don't forget to cool down after boiling)OH- + H+(excess) ==> H2OOH- + CO2 |-o-| 'nill'(= no reaction of CO2 to form HCO3-, which is formed at pH = 7 to 8)
2NaOHaq + 2HClaq --> 2NaClaq + H2Ol is the perfect balanced equatiion,except the solubility (aq) of NaCl, so it is notNaCls but NaClaq