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The Norwegian explorer, Fridtjof Nansen proved the Arctic was a deep polar ocean with a drifting ice cap in the late 1890's. Previously there were ideas that within the belt of ice, open shallow water, perhaps land surrounded the North Pole.

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What ocean is on top of the globe?

At the top of the globe, there is a polar icecap. But under that icecap, there is the arctic ocean.


Is all icecap and glacier water available for you to drink?

Not all icecap and glacier water is safe to drink without proper treatment. Ice and glacier water can contain impurities, contaminants, or bacteria that can be harmful if consumed directly. It is important to purify and filter this type of water before drinking it to ensure it is safe for consumption.


What is the temperature in the Antarctic tundra?

"Tundra" refers to a treeless region between the polar icecap and the treeline in North America and Eurasia (northern hemisphere). Antarctica (southern hemisphere) does not have a tundra, it does not have a treeline (or trees, shrubs, grass, weeds or flowers), it only has an icecap up to 4 kilometres thick. The katabatic winds in Antarctica would reduce any exposed plant matter to its component atoms. If Antarctica did have a tundra, the temperature would be between 0 and -80 degrees Celsius, depending on the exact location and the time of year. The annual snowfall on the Antarctic polar plateau is equivalent to less than 5 cm of rain.


If the icecaps melted what Empire State Building story would be sea level?

It should be first noted there is a technical definition of an icecap and the colloquial one; a true icecap is a mass of ice less than 50 thousand square kilometres, while the polar icecaps are much larger than this. However, one will assume the question refers to the total ice mass on the surface of Earth, as melting of the polar caps would necessitate melting of all others.To begin with, there are currently 30 million cubic kilometres of ice mass on Earth; from using density values, this is equivalent to 27 million cubic kilometres of liquid water.Earth currently has 361 million square kilometres of surface area in oceans, and 149 million square kilometres in 'land' area, for a total of 510 square kilometres. The source is not clear whether this is the equivalent flat area (i.e. if Earth were a perfect spheroid) or if this is the true area, including raised and uneven terrain.So, if we only consider the ocean and consider the rise this would present, we are working out the depth 27 million km3 would make over 361 million km2.From these numbers, simple division tells us the sea level would rise by 27/361 = 74.8 metres beyond its current value.No information could be obtained regarding the elevation of the Empire State Building; however, assuming it stands at 50 metres above sea level and a 4 metre average storey height, we end up with the sixth floor being new sea level.The twentieth level.


When does global warming occur?

Global Warming is the procces where the gasses in the atmosphere which stop sunlight escaping the atmosphere build up to the point where the whole planet becoming several degrees warmer. This is meaning that the Permanent Icecap is melting raising sea levels and threatening the lives of both Humans and other animals like Polar Bears. More melted ice means higher sea levels, higher sea levels means more ice melts