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DNA is made up of a phosphate group, a deoxyribose (sugar), and a nitrogen base.

The nitrogen base can be broken down into 4 types(nucleotides): adenine, guanine, thymine, or cytosine; and categorized into purines: adenine and guanine; and pyrimidines: cytosine or thymine. *Thymine is replaced by uracil in RNA. Thymine is only found in DNA.

Specific purine and pyrimidine bonds are mandatory. A goes with T (or in RNA, U); and C bonds with G.

ex) DNA:

A-T

C-G

RNA:

A-U

C-G

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