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the basic structure of a leaf consists of a waxy cuticle,followed by the epidermis,then the palisade mesophyll cells,the spongy mesophyll layer in which are found the vascular bundles and then the lower epidermis.

the waxy cuticle minimizes water vapour loss from transpiration during acute temperature or low humidity.

the palisade cells are long,with the maximum number of chloroplasts.the latter can move according to the amount of sunlight available.they are just below the thin epidermis,so,maximising solar absorption.

the mesophyll cells have air spaces to allow as exchange.

the lower epidermis is thin and contain stomata for gaseous exchange

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Pasquale Wisozk

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4y ago

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