What aré the products of chloroplast?

Answer 1

Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells and other eukaryotic organisms that conduct photosynthesis. Chloroplasts capture light energy to conserve free energy in the form of ATP and reduce NADP to NADPH through a complex set of processes called photosynthesis. ATP and NADPH energy is then used to produce sugar (glucose).

The basic equation of photosynthesis is:

6 H20 + 6 C02 + light >>> C6H12O6 + 6 O2

2 sets of reactions in photosynthesis are called light reactions and the Calvin Cycle.

The light reactions occur in the thylakoid membranes (granum) of the chloroplast. THe inputs are light and water and the outputs are ATP and NADPH needed to power the Calvin Cycle (previously known as dark reactions). In the light reaction water is split into oxygen and protons (hydrogen ions). Light powers the movement of the freed electron through an electron transport chain involving proteins embedded in the membrane. This includes the Photosystem II and Photosystem I complexes with pigments (such as chlorophyll) contained within the protein complex. NADPH is made from NADP and H+ at PSI. The proton byproduct of splitting water is pumped through another protein complex involving the enzyme ATP Synthase to produce ATP from ADP and Pi.

The Calvin Cycle occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast. Carbon dioxide, NADPH and ATP are the inputs and Sugar, NADP, ADP and Pi are outputs. ATP and NADPH provide the energy to drive a process of carbon fixation where the carbon in CO2 is combined with carbon from RuBP (5C molecule) and then via Rubisco enzymes processed into 3C molecules that are assembled into a 6C molecule (glucose).

THe glucose is used for the plant's own needs (cellular respiration) or processed into structural components such as cellulose for cell walls. Excess is stored as starch.