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You will require the following, in this order of importance:

1. A source of oxygen at a minimum of 2 PSI partial pressure of O2.

2. Something to control temperature; we humans need a temperature that is neither too hot nor too cold.

3. Protection from sunlight

4. Water (within 6 hours)

5. Food (within 36 hours)

We typically get all of these from the Earth itself, so when we leave Earth we have to take our Earthlike environment with us.

1. Oxygen. Here on Earth, our atmospheric pressure is 14.7 PSI, with 20% oxygen. We could live very nicely without the nitrogen, so our oxygen pressure is only 3 PSI anyway. And people manage to live fairly nicely in Denver, where the atmospheric pressure is substantially lower. So if we had a pure oxygen environment, we would only need 2 PSI.

2. Heat, or lack of it, would be the next biggest problem. We need to be able to control the amount of heat that comes in, and leaves, to maintain a proper temperature. We can add heat with electric heaters; radiative panels on our spacecraft can remove excess heat if we have too much.

3. Our atmosphere protects us from most of the Sun's rays, and still, enough ultraviolet light gets through the atmosphere to give us sunburns in just a few minutes. We will need a shielded spaceship or spacesuit to avoid being cooked.

4 & 5. Eventually, we need to eat and drink, especially for long missions. Right now, the Space Shuttle brings up food and water, although for missions to Mars and for Lunar colonies, we will need to be able to grow our own food and recycle our own water. Fortunately, a miracle substance exists to do this; it is called "spinach". For the long term, we will grow our own food in space.

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16y ago

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