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The functions of extracellular matrix (ECM):

  • provides mechanical and structural support for tissue (as well as tensile strength for the tissue)
  • biochemical barrier --> defence
  • regulating metabolic functions of the cells surrounded by the matrix:
    • adhesion --> anchor cells within tissue
    • migration --> provides pathways (e.g., during wound repair)
    • proliferation --> modulate cell growth by binding and retaining growth factors
    • differentiation --> influences transmission of information across the plasma membrane of the connective tissue cells

Conclusion: The components of the ECM form a dynamic and interactive system that informs cells about the biochemical and mechanical changes in their extracellular environment.

Reference:

Ross, M.H. & Pawlina, W. 2006, Histology: A Text and Atlas: With Correlated Cell and Molecular Biology, 5 edn, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

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