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Over the years, several methods have been developed for studying genes, including classical genetics, which involves crossing organisms to observe inheritance patterns. Molecular techniques, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing, have enabled detailed analysis of genetic material. Additionally, methods like CRISPR-Cas9 have revolutionized gene editing, allowing precise modifications to DNA. High-throughput sequencing and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) further facilitate the exploration of genetic variations and their associations with traits and diseases.

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