High carbon dioxide
chemoreceptors
The receptors in the human nose are primarily chemoreceptors. These specialized cells detect chemical molecules in the air and help us perceive various smells.
A reduction in PO2 at altitude stimulates the release of the hormone erythropoietin from the kidneys. Erythropoietin triggers the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow, helping to increase the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood and improve oxygen delivery to tissues.
Chemoreceptors are stimulated by changes in the chemical composition of the environment, such as changes in the concentration of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH levels. These receptors are responsible for detecting and transmitting information about these chemical changes to the brain, which helps regulate important physiological processes like breathing and blood pH.
Chemoreceptors bind to specific chemical substances, typically gases, ions, or molecules relevant to physiological processes. For example, in the respiratory system, chemoreceptors respond to changes in carbon dioxide, oxygen, and pH levels in the blood. In taste and smell, chemoreceptors interact with food molecules and odorants, respectively, to trigger sensory signals. This binding initiates a cascade of physiological responses that help maintain homeostasis and perception.
Hypoxia-->pCO2 increase-->chemoreceptors are stimulated-->VMC stimulated-->trachyarrythmia
hypoxic drive
chemoreceptors
An example of direct chemoreceptors are the cells located on the tongue. When people taste food, it is because these cells respond to the chemicals in the food, sending a signal to thebrain to let the brain know about what's happening in the mouth. Specific regions of the mouth have areas which are targeted towards specific tastes, such as salty and sweet. This explains why foods can taste different as they are chewed and swallowed, and also why some foods have an aftertaste, as certain chemicals can take longer to stimulate the chemoreceptors.
Central chemoreceptors of the central nervous system are located on the ventrolateral medullary surface.
The function of the chemoreceptors in regulating breathing is that they respond to low levels of oxyhemeglobin.
carotid
carotid body
tentacles
Tentacles
THC
The receptors in the human nose are primarily chemoreceptors. These specialized cells detect chemical molecules in the air and help us perceive various smells.