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Protons and neutrons are subatomic particles known as baryons, and they are made up of smaller particles called quarks. Specifically, protons consist of two up quarks and one down quark, while neutrons are made of one up quark and two down quarks. Quarks are held together by the strong force, mediated by particles called gluons. Together, quarks and gluons form the fundamental structure of protons and neutrons within atomic nuclei.

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