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The four main types of biological compounds are carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates serve as energy sources and structural components, while proteins perform a wide range of functions including catalysis and transportation. Lipids are important for energy storage and cellular membranes, and nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, are crucial for genetic information storage and transfer. Each of these compounds plays a vital role in the structure and function of living organisms.

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