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RNA, or ribonucleic acid, has several unique characteristics that distinguish it from DNA. Unlike DNA, which is typically double-stranded, RNA is usually single-stranded, allowing it to fold into various shapes for diverse functions. RNA contains the sugar ribose, whereas DNA contains deoxyribose, and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine as one of its nucleotide bases. Additionally, RNA plays critical roles in protein synthesis and regulation, including messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA).

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