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The Standard Theory of quantum mechanics outlines our current understanding of the very, VERY small. It describes 3 main groups: 6 fermions and 6 leptons, which have mass and make up matter, and 4 bosons, which carry forces between particles.

The 6 fermions, better known as "quarks", are the up, down, strange, charm, top, and bottom quarks.

The 6 leptons are the electron, muon, and tauon, plus a specific type of neutrino for each.

All 12 of these particles also have an antiparticle, which aside from the electron (whose antiparticle is the positron) are creatively labeled by putting an "anti-" before any of the above particles.

Additionally, the 4 bosons, which carry forces between charged particles are the photon, which mediates the electromagnetic forces and which we observe as light; the gluon, which mediates the strong force between quarks (and holds nuclei together); and the W and Z bosons, which mediate the weak force.

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