answersLogoWhite

0

Antigen-presenting cells

Cells which do not have antigen-specific receptors. Instead, they capture and process antigens, present them to T cell receptors. These cells include macrophages, dentritic cells and B cells.

B cells

Also known as B cell lymphocytes.

B cells spend their entire early life in the bone marrow. Upon maturity, their job is to travel throughout the blood and lymph looking for antigens with which they can interlock.

Once a B cell has identified an antigen, it starts replicating itself. These cloned cells mature into antibody-manufacturing plasma cells.

Basophils

Similar to mast cells, but distributed throughout the body. Like mast cells, basophils release histamine upon encountering certain antigens, thereby triggering an allergic reaction.

Cytotoxic T cells

Also called cytotoxic T lymphocytes or CTLs.

Dendritic cells

Mostly found in the skin and mucosal epithelium, where they are referred to as Langerhan's cells. Unlike macrophages, dendritic cells can also recognize viral particles as non-self. In addition, they can present antigens via both MHC I and MHC II, and can thus activate both CD8 and CD4 T cells, directly.

Granulocytes

Leukocytes (white blood cells) containing granules in the cytoplasm. Also known as a granular leukocyte. They seem to act as a first line of defense, as they rush toward an infected area and engulf the offending microbes. Granulocytes kill microbes by digesting them with killer enzymes contained in small units called lysosomes.

Helper T cells

These cells travel through the blood and lymph, looking for antigens (such as those captured by antigen-presenting cells). Upon locating an antigen, they notify other cells to assist in combating the invader.

This is sometimes done through the use of cytokines (or specifically, lymphokines) which help destroy target cells and stimulate the production of healthy new tissue. Interferon is an example of such a cytokine.

Leukocytes

White blood cells. These are the cells which provide immunity, and they can be subdivided into three classes: lymphocytes, granulocytes and monocytes

Lymphocytes

Small white blood cells which are responsible for much of the work of the immune system. Lymphocytes can be divided into three classes: B cells, T cells and null cells.

Macrophages

Literally, "large eaters." These are large, long-lived phagocytes which capture foreign cells, digest them, and present protein fragments (peptides) from these cells and manifest them on their exterior. In this manner, they present the antigens to the T cells.

Macrophages are strategically located in lymphoid tissues, connective tissues and body cavities, where they are likely to encounter antigens. They also act as effector cells in cell-mediated immunity.

Mast cells

Cells concentrated within the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, and within the deep layers of the skin. These cells release histamine upon encountering certain antigens, thereby triggering an allergic reaction.

Memory cells

Specialized B cells which grant the body the ability to manufacture more of a particular antibody as needed, in case a particular antigen is ever encountered again.

Monocytes

Large, agranular leukocytes with relatively small, eccentric, oval or kidney-shaped nuclei.

Plasma cells

Specialized B cells which churn out antibodies-more than two thousand per second. Most of these die after four to five days; however, a few survive to become memory cells.

T cells

Also known as T cell lymphocytes.

Unlike B cells, these cells leave the marrow at an early age and travel to the thymus, where they mature. Here they are imprinted with critical information for recognizing "self" and "non-self" substances.

Among the subclasses of T cells are helper T cells and cytotoxic (or killer) T cells.

User Avatar

Wiki User

14y ago

What else can I help you with?

Continue Learning about Natural Sciences

In order for antigens to incite the immune response they must be 1 processed 2 reduced 3 combined with other proteins 4 directed?

Antigens incite the immune response by being processed and presented by antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells, to T cells. Once presented, the antigens can activate specific immune responses, leading to the generation of memory cells and effector cells that target the antigen. Antigens that are not processed, reduced, or combined with other proteins may not effectively stimulate the immune system.


What are the 3 main functions of the lymphatic system?

1.Convey nourishment from the blood to the cells & to remove waste products. 2. Act as a filter, the lymphatic glands, remove bacteria, from lymph via filtration 3. To play a key role in the immune response.


List the 3 lines of defence of the body?

1) Physical (skin and mucous membranes) and chemical barriers that prevent entry by pathogens, 2) Nonspecific defensive cells (phagocytes, eosinophils,white blood cells, and natural killer cells) and proteins (interferons and complement system), inflammation and fever, and 3) The immune system that has specific targets and memory.(lymphatic system-recognition of foreign cells) The Human Body's 3 lines of defense 1.) Integumentary System-skin and accessory organs such as hair, nails, sweat glands, and oil glands 2.) Circulatory System-heart,arteries,veins,capillaries, and blood 3.) Lyphatic and Immune Systems-Thymus, bone marrow, spleen, tonsils, lymph nodes, lymph capillaries, lymph vessels, lymphocytes, and lymph


What are the 3 main components of your circulatory system?

The 3 main components of the circulatory system are the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The heart pumps blood through the blood vessels, delivering oxygen and nutrients to cells throughout the body and removing waste products.


The T cells are responsible for 1 humoral immunity 2 cell-mediated immunity 3 generalized immune response 4 allergies?

Cell-mediated immunity. T cells play a key role in cell-mediated immunity by directly attacking infected cells or coordinating the immune response.

Related Questions

Is the immune system a organ?

No, the immune system is not an organ. It is a system in your body that fights of viruses that enter your body. And example of an organ is a heart, or liver. The immune system are cells that fight off viruses that can make you sick.


The humoral immune system involves the manufacture and use of 1 T cells 2 antibodies 3 lymphokines 4 antigens?

Antibody


In order for antigens to incite the immune response they must be 1 processed 2 reduced 3 combined with other proteins 4 directed?

Antigens incite the immune response by being processed and presented by antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells, to T cells. Once presented, the antigens can activate specific immune responses, leading to the generation of memory cells and effector cells that target the antigen. Antigens that are not processed, reduced, or combined with other proteins may not effectively stimulate the immune system.


What are the 3 main cell types in human blood?

The blood tissue is conformed of three types of cells: The Red Blood Cells or Erythrocytes, that carry oxygen and collect carbon dioxide; White Blood Cells or Leukocytes, that are part of the immune system and Platelets or Thrombocytes, that are involved in homeostasis processes.


What are affected by AIDS 1 Blood circulatory system 2 nervous system 3 immune system 4 respiratory system?

AIDS most directly affects the immune system.


The immune system's third line of defense against invading organisms is?

the but cheeks are the third defence against invading pathogens. If the skin or white blood cells have not later killed these systems. While you sleep your but cheeks got into your body searching for the pathogen once it is found the but cheeks squeeze so that is a sorbed and it is out of your system. if it is a serious disease the but cheeks start shutting inside your body so you eventually poo out of your mouth.


What two systems of your body does cardiovascular include?

There are 4 parts of the Circulatory or Cardiovascular System. The main part is the Circulatory/Cardiovascular System (heart, blood vessels, blood.) And there are 3 sub-systems. The Immune System including the white blood cells, the Lymphatic System including the tonsils, thymus, liver, spleen, appendix, lymph nodes, & lymph vessels, and the Urinary System including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, & urethra.


What are the 3 main functions of the lymphatic system?

1.Convey nourishment from the blood to the cells & to remove waste products. 2. Act as a filter, the lymphatic glands, remove bacteria, from lymph via filtration 3. To play a key role in the immune response.


What are three main functions of the cardiovascular system?

The cardiovascular system circulates oxygen and nutrients to cells, removes waste products, and regulates body temperature. It also helps maintain proper pH levels in the body and transports hormones and immune cells.


What are kelp pills good for?

Kelp pills are good for dieting, detoxifying your body, boosting your immune system, among other things. Although the 3 listed here are the main benefits.


What are the stages of inflammation and how do they contribute to the body's immune response?

Inflammation has four main stages: 1) blood vessel dilation, 2) increased permeability of blood vessels, 3) migration of white blood cells to the site of injury, and 4) tissue repair. These stages help the body's immune response by increasing blood flow to the affected area, allowing immune cells to reach the site of infection or injury, and promoting healing and recovery.


What is the main function of B lymphocytes?

IMPORTANCE OF B LYMPHOCYTES: 1.b lymphocytes play important role in humeral immune response. 2.they secretes antibodies. 3.they differentiate into memory and plasma cells.