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Reactions that are intended to guarantee survival of the individual and of the species can be offered as a definition of the adaptations of aphids. They may be behavioral, as epitomized by bribing predatory ants with honeydew or jumping off plants to escape predatory ants, or chemical, as evidenced by emitting alarm signals through odors of damaged parts or by secreting pheromones. T.A. Novgorodova of the Institute of Animal Systematics and Ecology in the Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences offers a comparison, from June 21, 2001, of ant-friendly aphids that save honeydew for ants in exchange for bodyguard protection with ant-hostile aphids that toss honeydew as it is produced to confuse predators as to exact colony whereabouts.

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9y ago

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