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The heart consists of four main chambers: the right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle. It also includes valves (tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral, and aortic) that ensure unidirectional blood flow. The heart is surrounded by a protective layer called the pericardium and contains a network of blood vessels, including arteries and veins, that facilitate blood circulation. Additionally, specialized muscle tissue called myocardium enables the heart to contract and pump blood effectively.

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