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Cacti are believed to have evolved from ancestors that were part of the family Caryophyllaceae, which includes flowering plants like carnations. This evolution occurred around 30 million years ago in arid environments of the Americas. The earliest cacti likely resembled small shrubs and adapted to survive in harsh conditions, leading to the diverse forms we see today. Over time, cacti developed unique features such as thick, fleshy stems and spines to minimize water loss and deter herbivores.

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