What are the basic principles of biochemistry?

Answer 1

• The Chemical Unity of Diverse Living Organisms

• Living Matter Has Several Characteristics
• Biochemistry Seeks to Explain Life in Chemical Terms
• Chemical Unity Underlies Biological Diversity
• All Macromolecules Are Constructed from a Few Simple Compounds

• Energy Production and Consumption in Metabolism

• Organisms Are Never at Equilibrium with Their Surroundings
• Molecular Composition Reflects a Dynamic Steady State
• Organisms Exchange Energy and Matter with Their Surroundings
• Cells and Organisms Interconvert Different Forms of Energy
• The Flow of Electrons Provides Energy for Organisms
• Enzymes Promote Sequences of Chemical Reactions
• ATP Is the Universal Carrier of Metabolic Energy, Linking Catabolism and Anabolism
• Metabolism Is Regulated to Achieve Balance and Economy

• Biological Information Transfer

• Genetic Continuity Is Vested in DNA Molecules
• The Structure of DNA Allows for Its Repair and Replication with Near-Perfect Fidelity
• Changes in the Hereditary Instructions Allow Evolution
• Molecular Anatomy Reveals Evolutionary Relationships
• The Linear Sequence in DNA Encodes Proteins with Three-Dimensional Structures
• Noncovalent Interactions Stabilize Three-Dimensional Structures

• The Physical Roots of the Biochemical World
• Further Reading

Answer 2

The basic principles of biochemistry include the structure and function of biomolecules (such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates), the role of enzymes in catalyzing biochemical reactions, the importance of energy transfer and metabolism, and the study of genetic information transfer through DNA and RNA. A key aspect is understanding how these components interact within living organisms to carry out essential processes.

Answer 3

genetic information begins with DNA and is transcribed to RNA and then translated into proteins: DNA→RNA→proteins.

Answer 4

DNA→ transcription→ RNA→ translation→ proteins