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The building blocks of nucleic acids are nucleotides, which consist of three components: a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar (either ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA), and a nitrogenous base (adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine in DNA; adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine in RNA). Nucleotides link together through phosphodiester bonds to form the long chains of nucleic acids, which carry genetic information essential for cellular functions and heredity.

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