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During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and moves downward while the intercostal muscles pull the rib cage upward and outward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity. This expansion creates a negative pressure relative to the atmosphere, causing air to flow into the lungs. Additionally, the lung tissue expands to accommodate the incoming air, allowing for gas exchange to occur in the alveoli. Overall, these changes facilitate the intake of oxygen necessary for respiration.

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