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In permanganometry, the addition of phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) serves to maintain an acidic environment for the redox titration involving potassium permanganate (KMnO₄). The permanganate ion (MnO₄⁻) acts as an oxidizing agent, typically reducing to manganese(II) ions (Mn²⁺) in acidic conditions. The reaction can be represented as:

[ \text{MnO}_4^- + 8 \text{H}^+ + 5 \text{e}^- \rightarrow \text{Mn}^{2+} + 4 \text{H}_2\text{O} ]

Phosphoric acid helps in stabilizing the solution and preventing side reactions that might occur in neutral or basic conditions.

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4d ago

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