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First of all, photosynthesis can only occur in plants. Animals are incapable of performing this process. Cellular respiration ,however, can occur in both plants and animals. Ironically, the two processes are alike in a special way: the formula for cellular respiration is the exact reverse of the formula for photosynthesis. See the 'Related Questions' link on this page for the formulas.

Photosynthesis is an anabolic process, whereas cellular respiration is a catabolic process.

In other words, photosynthesis involves the synthesis of organic compounds while cellular respiration involves the breakdown of organic compounds.

Although photosynthesis is anabolic and cellular respiration is catabolic, both processes require an input of energy at various stages. For example, during the first stage of cellular respiration, glycolysis, an input of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is required in order to breakup glucose into two pyruvate molecules. It is important to note that during glycolysis, 4 ATP are produced for every 2 ATP used, resulting in a net gain of 2 ATP.

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