Phosphorylation primarily occurs in two forms: substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation. Substrate-level phosphorylation occurs in the cytoplasm during glycolysis and in the mitochondria during the citric acid cycle, where ATP is produced directly from a substrate. Oxidative phosphorylation takes place in the inner mitochondrial membrane, involving the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis, where ATP is generated indirectly through the flow of protons across the membrane. Additionally, there is protein phosphorylation, which is a regulatory mechanism occurring in various cellular locations, including the cytoplasm and nucleus, where proteins are modified by the addition of phosphate groups, often impacting their activity and function.
Cytoplasmic or soluble enzymes can carry out phosphorylation that does not require a membrane. This type of phosphorylation occurs in the cytoplasm or within organelles like the mitochondria and does not involve a membrane-bound protein complex.
Phosphorylation typically does not denature a protein. Phosphorylation is a reversible modification where a phosphate group is added to a protein, often regulating its function, structure, or localization within the cell. However, extreme or incorrect phosphorylation can lead to protein misfolding and dysfunction.
Cellular respiration starts in the cytoplasm of the cell, and then enters the mitochondria.
These are hydrogen bonds between water molecules.
Two methods of phosphorylation are: Enzyme-catalyzed phosphorylation, where enzymes like kinases transfer phosphate groups from ATP to specific proteins. Photo-phosphorylation, which occurs during photosynthesis where light energy is used to convert ADP and inorganic phosphate into ATP.
Yes. Although the primary function of photosynthesis isn't to create ATP, photophosphorylation does create some ATP molecules which the plants can use in addition to those made in the mitochondria.
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Because pressure and temperature varies in different places of the world.
The mitochondria (pleural), or mitochondrion (s) perform cellular respiration, also known as oxidative phosphorylation.
During a period, different types of clots that can occur include small clots, medium-sized clots, and large clots. These clots are typically made up of blood and tissue from the lining of the uterus.
The mitochondria (pleural), or mitochondrion (s) perform cellular respiration, also known as oxidative phosphorylation.
Many different types of events occur on genealogy cruises, including conferences, meetings, and dinner dances.
There are several types of decay that can occur in materials, including physical decay (such as wear and tear), chemical decay (such as rusting or corrosion), and biological decay (such as rotting or decomposition).
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accident or sudden illnesses that may occur in a social care setting
Mitosis does not occur in sex cells, such as sperm and egg cells, as they undergo a different type of cell division called meiosis.