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In the Earth's crust, the most common elements are:

Oxygen 46.1%

Silicon 28.2%

Aluminum 8.23%

Iron 5.63%

Calcium 4.15%

Sodium 2.36%

Magnesium 2.33%

Potassium 2.09%

Titanium 0.565%

Hydrogen 0.14%

In the atmosphere, the most common elements are Nitrogen and Oxygen.

Since the core of the Earth is believed to be mostly iron, that would be the most common element in the entire planet.

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