A hydrometer measures the specific gravity or density of a liquid, typically used to determine the alcohol content in a solution, such as beer or wine. By floating in a liquid, a hydrometer can provide a reading that indicates the concentration of sugars or alcohol in the liquid.
The hydrometer was invented in 1770 by Swiss mathematician and physicist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit.
The hydrometer will float higher in glycerin than in gasoline because glycerin is denser than gasoline. The level to which the hydrometer floats indicates the density of the liquid it is submerged in.
The property of water that causes the hydrometer to be read at the level of the meniscus is surface tension. The meniscus is the curved surface of the water in the hydrometer caused by the attraction between water molecules and the walls of the hydrometer. Reading at the bottom of the meniscus helps to ensure an accurate measurement.
A hydrometer can be used to find the specific gravity (relative density) of a liquid by determining how much water it will displace. Various calibrations are used for different kinds of liquids.
The major factor affecting the amount of water vapour is temperature.
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It measured by the density of the size from the hydrometer.