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The five types of glial cells are astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, and Schwann cells. Astrocytes support and maintain the blood-brain barrier, oligodendrocytes produce myelin in the central nervous system, and Schwann cells do the same in the peripheral nervous system. Microglia act as the immune cells of the brain, while ependymal cells line the ventricles and produce cerebrospinal fluid. Together, these glial cells play essential roles in maintaining homeostasis, supporting neurons, and facilitating communication within the nervous system.

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