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  1. Aproximação e orientação A enzima alinha os reagentes de maneira precisa, aumentando a probabilidade de colisões efetivas. Isso reduz a entropia e facilita a formação do estado de transição.

  2. Catálise por tensão ou distorção A enzima aplica forças sobre o substrato, distorcendo suas ligações químicas e estabilizando o estado de transição, tornando a quebra ou formação de ligações mais fácil.

  3. Catálise ácido-base Resíduos de aminoácidos na enzima podem atuar como ácidos ou bases, doando ou aceitando prótons para facilitar a formação do estado de transição e acelerar a reação.

  4. Catálise covalente A enzima forma uma ligação covalente temporária com o substrato, criando intermediários reativos que facilitam a progressão para o estado de transição.

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David Teixeira

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7mo ago

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