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Like plants and animals, fungi are eukaryotes; their cells have true nuclei. In fact, their cells have all the organelles that occur in animal cells. But fungal cells lack the one organelle that is most characteristic of plants: They have no chloroplasts and can't perform photosynthesis. Lacking photosynthesis, fungi are chemoheterotrophs; they get energy and carbon as animals and most bacteria do, by taking organic molecules from the environment.

Fungal cells are surrounded by a chitinous cell wall. Their simple body is called a thallus - a multicelluluar body w/o specialized conducting tissue. To explore, feed, and make reproductive structures, most fungi grow a unique type of thallus known as a mycelium, composed of slender, branching tubes called hyphae. Individual hyphae are extremely slender and almost colorless, making them hard to see. But at the surface of a food mass such as bread, countless exploratory hyphae grow into the air and make a visible fuzz. When reproduction starts, colored spores may cover the surface.

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