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The adrenal glands (or suprarenal glands) are endocrine organs. As such, they produce and secrete various hormones. The adrenal glands are divided into a cortex and medulla. Within these separate areas, you will find varying hormones. Stress activated hormones are found in the medulla. These hormones are Epiniphrine and Norepiniphrine, or adrenaline and noradrenaline, respectively. These hormones are responsible for adapting the body to a flight or fight response. Various responsibilities of these hormones are increasing heart rate, causing bronchodilation, and redirecting blood flow by vasodilating and vasoconstricting in various areas of the body. These chemicals are present in the body as hormones and faster acting neurotransmitters in the nervous system. The cortex contains three groupings of hormones: minerocorticoids, glucocorticoids and androgens. The most abundant minerocorticoid is aldosterone. This hormone indirectly acts in water reabsorption by primarily reabsorbing Sodium (which water will follow). The main glucocorticoid is cortisol which acts as an anti-inflammatory (a form of cortisol is hydrocortizone which is the active ingredient of many anti-itch creams), and also acts as a glucose-saving hormone by promoting lipolysis (the breakdown of adipose tissue to be used as energy). Finally, androgens are more commonly thought of as steroid hormones such as Testosterone, DHT, DHEA, and the precursor to estrogens.

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