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The main cells of the respiratory system include epithelial cells, specifically ciliated columnar and goblet cells, which line the airways and help to trap and expel debris and pathogens. Alveolar type I and type II cells are crucial in the alveoli; type I cells facilitate gas exchange, while type II cells produce surfactant to reduce surface tension. Additionally, immune cells like macrophages help protect against infections in the lung tissue. These cells work together to ensure efficient breathing and lung health.

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