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The cell cycle consists of four main phases:

  1. G1 phase (Gap 1): The cell grows and synthesizes proteins necessary for DNA replication.
  2. S phase (Synthesis): DNA is replicated, resulting in two copies of each chromosome.
  3. G2 phase (Gap 2): The cell continues to grow, produces organelles, and prepares for mitosis, checking for DNA damage.
  4. M phase (Mitosis): The cell divides its copied DNA and cytoplasm, resulting in two daughter cells through a series of steps: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, followed by cytokinesis.
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