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Microorganisms that require a specific cycle to infect a host include viruses, bacteria, and certain parasites. For example, viruses often undergo a lytic or lysogenic cycle to replicate within host cells. Similarly, many bacteria, like those in the genus Mycobacterium, have complex life cycles that may involve dormant and active phases. Parasites, such as Plasmodium (the causative agent of malaria), have intricate life cycles that include multiple hosts and stages of development.

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What are the importance of microorganisms?

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Yes, the Calvin cycle does require ATP for its functioning.


All plants exhibit a particular type of life cycle What is the name of this particular life cycle?

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Reactions that require CO2 as a substrate or input typically occur in photosynthesis in plants and some microorganisms. CO2 is used as a carbon source in the Calvin cycle to produce glucose and other organic molecules. Additionally, some bacteria use CO2 as a carbon source for chemosynthesis in deep-sea hydrothermal vents.


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The fluke life cycle typically involves multiple hosts and stages. It begins with eggs excreted in host feces, which hatch into larvae in water. These larvae then infect a first intermediate host, usually a snail, where they undergo several developmental stages. After leaving the snail, the larvae infect a second intermediate host, like a fish or mammal, where they mature into adult flukes that can eventually infect a definitive host, often a vertebrate, to complete the cycle.


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