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The most significant characteristic of the disease Anthrax is the uniquely stable spore stage of its causative agent, the bacteria Bacillus anthracis. This means that it is very difficult to destroy the bacteria once it has infected a person or animal.

Details of the nature of anthrax:

  1. the spores mature very quickly: a minor skin scratch where there is contact with a only a few B. anthracis spores very quickly develops into a serious case of anthrax, the spores germinating, multiplying and going through the papule, vesicle, postule and ulcer stages within a very short space of time.
  2. the intensive invasive nature of the infection, which, if left untreated, or if it reaches the untreatable stage, inevitably results in a painful death caused by the complex toxin(s) produced by the bacteria.
  3. the additional ability of the bacteria to produce a special poly-D-glutamate polypeptide which coats and protects the b. anthracis cells from being engulfed by phagocytes of the body's own immune system and from the active components of anti-bacteria serums.
  4. the fact that the lethal anthrax toxin is produced by the bacteria only in its very last stage, and very rapidly too, with death invariably being unexpected and sudden.

It is worth noting that the disease of anthrax itself may not always be fatal, but the main problem is the toxin that is rapidly and massively produced by the bacteria in its final stages.

If treatment is started early, i.e. within 24 hours of initial contact, there are reasonable prospects of survival. However, if treatment is only given AFTER the symptoms appear, the prognosis will not be good.

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