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The main importance of membrane proteins is its specific functions. The amount of proteins in membranes varies from 25 to 75% of the membrane constitution. The amount and types of membrane proteins are highly variable.

To give a few examples:

In plasma membrane , there are transmembrane proteins associated with lipids, either "single" or "multipass" proteins. Examples of this kind of proteins are the porins (present in different types of bacteria) and membrane receptors that react with antigens triggering signal transduction cascades to the cell interior in order to generate a cellular response (e.g., insulin growth factor recepetor or IGFR, fibroblast growth factor receptor or FGFR, nerve growth factor receptor or NGFR, plateled-derived growth factor receptor or PDGFR, etc.).

On the other hand, we have the spectrin, a cytoskeletal protein noncovalently associated with the cytoplasmic side of the erythrocyte cell membrane. Also, we have the glycophorin A in erythrocyte plasma membrane, however with an uncertain function.

In mitochondria, the are several kind of membrane-associated proteins, such as cytochromes, crucial for electron transport during "cell respiration".

In bacteria, we found the bacteriorhodopsin, with light-absorbing activity.

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